When designing curriculum based on Backward Design the teacher begins at the end, those skills and understandings that students are to learn by the end of the unit, and works backward to where most teachers start; engaging class activities.  Once the end goal is clear, the planning of the assessment piece begins.  Finally, the planning moves to the activities. Focus throughout is on student understanding of the big ideas, which is accomplished through essential questions and continuous feedback.  

Types of polonies

Reading ability in children

What Is Reading?

Reading is defined as a cognitive process that involves decoding symbols to arrive at meaning. Reading is an active process of constructing meanings of words. Reading with a purpose helps the reader to direct information towards a goal and focuses their attention. 

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Reading is a thinking process. It allows the reader to use what he or she may already know, also called prior knowledge. 

During this processing of information, the reader uses strategies to understand what they are reading, uses themes to organize ideas, and uses textual clues to find the meanings of new words. Each of the three components of reading is equally important

The Reading Process

1.  The first is the rereading stage, which allows the reader to activate background knowledge, preview the text, and develop a purpose for reading. 
2. The second stage occurs during reading when the reader makes predictions as they read and then confirms or revises the predictions. For example, double-entry journal enables the reader to write the text from the reading on one side and their personal reaction on the other side.
3. The final stage occurs after reading and allows the reader to retell the story, discuss the elements of a story, answer questions and/or compare it to another text. For example, students can create summaries, where they take a huge selection and reduce it to its main points for more concise understanding.